Load averages are at once hugely simple and hideously complex. Understading what these numbers mean is important for correctly applying this simple indicator of system health.
First, a load average is not CPU percentage. That is simply a snapshot of how often a process was found being executed on the CPU. The load average differs in that it includes all demand for CPU, not just what is currently running.
A useful analogy
A four-processor machine can be visualized as a four-lane freeway. Each
lane provides the path on which instructions can execute. A vehicle can
represent those instructions. Additionally, there are vehicles on the
entrance lanes ready to travel down the freeway, and the four lanes
either are ready to accommodate that demand or they’re not. If all
freeway lanes are jammed, the cars entering have to wait for an opening.
If we now apply the CPU percentage and CPU load-average measurements to
this situation, percentage examines the relative amount of time each
vehicle was found occupying a freeway lane, which inherently ignores the
pent-up demand for the freeway – that is, the cars lined up on the
entrances.
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Posted: Jan 29, 2011
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linux